〖第三章注释〗
1.葡萄园运动准确的开始日期有好几种说法,若以温约翰加入贵格会(YorbaLindaFriendsChurch)作牧养时起计,是1970年;若以温约翰自己灵性的更新改变来计,那是他妻子卡露睡觉时得见异象,醒来说方言的1977年,此年亦是他的妻子开始家庭查经班的时候,此查经班成了后来发展为葡萄园基督徒团契。参Wimber,PowerHealing,p.cit.,pp.44-45;CarlWimber,“AHungerforGod:AReflectiveLookattheVineyard’sBeginning”,TheVineyardNewsletter2(Falll987),PP.1-3,7.
2.录音带数量之多是惊人的,单是在香港录下的便有十多卷,在加州、英国,加拿大等地更是无数。要尽听其内容来整理是不可能的,再说,录音带的内容占不少部分是“随兴而发”,部分收音质素不好,停顿与重复之处又极乡,从神学评估的角度看可以不理。
3.C.PeterWagner,ForwardtoPowerEvangelism,op.cit.,P.IX.另参C.PeterWagner,“AThirdWave?”PastoralRenewal,July-August,1983,p.l.
4.其中如C.PeterWagner,HowtoHaveAHealingMinistrywithoutMakingYourChurchSick,Suffolk,1988.
5.畅销的如C.PeterWagner,ed.,SignsandWondersToday,op.cit
6.E.g.Wagner,HowtoHaveAHealingMinistryWithoutMakingYourChurchSick,p.cit.,PP.68!75.
7.JohnWhite,WhentheSpiritComesWithPower,op.cit.,1988.
8.White,ibid.PP.22-28.
9.White,ibid.PP.29-33.
10.按韦约翰的记载,一九八三年十二月二十六日,仙蒂独自在家听唱片,突然唱片的声音慢起来,又像受到静电的影响,然后声音完全停止,连静电干扰之声也没有。跟着一把男人的声音从扬声器传来:“向耶和华投降”,之后静电之声及音乐又再响起来(注:此运动的人常以“电流”来形容圣灵降临人身的感觉),韦约翰没明说圣灵是透过立体声唱机向仙蒂说话,但这思想是强烈地暗示出来的。作为一个心理学医生的韦约翰对整件事是没有保留的接受,并以此为圣灵大能降临的明证,可作“个案研究”,这是有点奇怪的。“事件”的要点是:它可以真实的,也可以是以为是真实的,作为圣灵大能降临的明证,以之为个案研究,并在结论上指出“离开”神为她(一生)而定的整个程序,我们是无法明白她的经验,就似乎太马虎一点了。事件可见White,WhenTheSpiritComesWithPower.Op.cit.,PP.191-200.
11.JohnWhite,LifeintheSpirit,London,1976.
12.杨牧谷,《复和神学与教会更新》,香港,一九八七,llO-115页。
13.ThomasKuhn,TheStructureofScientificRevolution,Chicago,1970.
14.ThomasKuhn,ibid.,PP.10,175.
15.鼓吹最力的可能就是爱丁堡的多伦斯教授,T.F.Torrance,TheologicalScience,Oxford,1971,PP.239,244,246;TheologyinReconstruction,London,1965,PP.32ff,49ff,217ff;RealityandScientificTheology,Edinburgh,1985.PP.l-31.但七十及八十年代亦有许多其他学者参与这个讨论,较易读的可参IanG.Barbour,Myths.ModelandParadigm,London,1974,pp.30-34;49f;92f.
16.HansKǖngandDavidTracy,ed.,ParadigmChangeinTheology,Edinburgh,1989.
17.ParadigmChangeinTheology,p.7.
18.ParadigmChangeinTheology,p.297.
19.Wimber,PowerHealing,op.cit.,P.278.
20.Wimber,PowerEvangelism,op.cit.,p.75.
21.CharlesKraft,ChristianityinCulture,NewYork.l979.p.53.
22.卡夫特在另一文章有较简洁的界说:“世界观就是由文化定规的(例如假设、前设、信仰等),对真体的了解(社群成员还按此组织起来及生活(的原则)”。CharlesH.Kraft,“WorldviewandBibleTrans1ation”,NotesonAnthropology,SummerInstituteofLinguistics.June-Sept,1986,p.47.
23.他同样接受卡夫特的定义,并称他为这一种“最高的专家”。C.PeterWagner,HowtoHaveaHealingMinistryWithoutMakingYourChurchSick,op.cit.,PP.142-143.
24.C.PeterWagner,ibid.,p.142.
25.C.PeterWagner,ibid.,p.143.
26.Wimber,PowerEvangelism,p.77.
27.Wimber,ibid.,p.79.
28.HarryBlamires,TheChristianMind,London,PP.44,67,86.
29.Wimber,PowerEvangelism.p.80.
30.温约输是引自JackRogers,ConfessionsofaconservativeEvangelicals,Philadelphia,1982.pp35-47.
31.Wimber,PowerEvangelism,p.82.
32.PaulG.Hiebert,“TheFlawoftheExcludedMiddle,”Missiology:AnInternationalReview,Jan,1982,PP.41,43.
33.Wimber,PowerEvangefism,pp.87f.
34.ibid,pp.88f.
35.冒牌货是指有些所谓灵恩,只是一种感情激荡及浓缩的结果:水货是指一些大宗派人士看灵恩不在他们的教制下出现而恼怒,有些大宗派人士看自己为“总代理”,在总代理之外供应的自然是水货了。
36.Wimber.PowerEvangelism.p.94.
37.Ken.L.Sarles,“AnApprsisaloftheSignsandWondersMovement”,Bibliothecasacra,Jan-Mar,1988,pp.57-82,seep.69.
38.Sarles,ibid.,p.70,fn.52.
39.Wimber,PowerHealing,op.cit.,pp.118-119.
40.参S.Eitrem,SomeNotesontheDemonology,Oslo,1966;J.B.Russell,TheDevli:PenspectiveofEvilfromAntiquitytoPrimitiveChristianity.Ithaca.1977;H.Schlier,PrincipalitiesandPowersintheNewTestament.Freiburg,1961.
41.本段经文相当复杂,不能在这里处理,可参几本标准的《启示录》注释:RH.Charles.ACriticalandExegeticalCommentaryontheRevelationofSt.Johnn,2vols.,Edinburgh,1920;RobertH.Mounce,TheBookofRevelation,Michigan,1977;J.MassyngberdeFord,Revelation,NewYork,1975.
42.Wimber,PowetEvangelism.PP.91-92.
43.Cf.KenL.Sarles,op.cit.,PP.70-71.
44.SeeJamesBarr,Fundementalism,London,1977,pp.123f,234-59,277f.
45.Wimber,PowerEvangelism,op.cit.,p.80
46.Wimber,“Zipt03,000inFiveYears”,inC.PeterWagnered.,SignsandWondersToday,p.cit.,PP.29-30.
47.FrancisSchaeffer,EscapeFromReason,DownersGrove,1968;ColinBrown,PhilosophyandtheChristianFaith,DownersGrove,1968;C.G.Singer.FromRationalismtoIrrationality:theDeclineoftheWesternMindfromtheRenaissancetothePre—sent,Phillipsburg,NJ,1979.
48.OsGuinness,TheDustofDeath,DownersGrove,1973,H.R.Rookmaaker,ModernArtandtheDeathofaCulture,DownersGrove,1970。
49.BobGoudzwaad,IdolsofOurTime,DownersGrove,1984;中译,林德明,《时代的偶像》,香港,一九八八。
50.这方面的作品极多,仅举数例:JamesHouston,IBelieveinCreator,London.1979;StanleyJaki,“GodandCreation:ABiblicalandScienceReflection”inTheology,30:2(July,1973),PP.1ll-120;FrederickSontag,“FreedomandGod:TheMeetingOfEastandWest,”isReligiousstudies,1l(Dec,1975),pp.421-431;T.F.Torrance,“DeterminismandFreeCreation”inAbbaSalama.Ⅳ1976;TheologicalScience,Oxford,1971;TheologyinReconciliation,London,1975.
51.Wimber,PowerEvangelism,op.cit.,p.88.
52.BenPatterson,“CauseforConcern”,op.cit.,p.20.批评的正是此点。
53.AnneWatson.“TheThirdWaveHasOnlyJustBegun”,inKevinSpringer,ed.,RidingtheThirdWave,op.cit.,PP.70f.
54.KenL.Sarles,“AnAppraisalofSignsandWondersMovement”,op.cit.,p.71.
55.可参他三部着作:GeorgeEldonLadd,TheBlessedHope,GrandRapid,1956;TheGospeloftheKingdom,GrandRapids,1976;ATheologyoftheNewTestament,GrandRapidsl974.
56.参JamesKallas,TheRealSatan,Minneapolis,1975;JesusandthepowerofSatan,Philadelphia,1968.
57.Wimber,PowerEvangelism,PP.16-17.
58.ibid.,p.18.
59.Ladd,ATheologyoftheNewTestament,op.cit.,p.48.
60.ibid.,p.69.
61.Wimber,PowerEvangelism,p.19.
62.ibid,.p.21.
63.ibid..PP.21-22.
64.JohnWimber,“TheWordsandWorksofJesus:IstheMessagetheSameorDifferent?”FirstFruits,May-June,1986,p.6.
65.Wimber,PowerEvangelism,PP.22-23
66.Wimber,ibid,.p.24.
67.Wimber,ibid,.p.20.
68.引自Ladd,ATheologyoftheNewTestament,op.cit.,pp.111-119.
69.Wimber,PowerEvangelism,p.278.
70.ibid.,pp.217f.
71.GrantWacker.“WimberandW0nders——whataboutMiracleToday?”37:4(1987),TheReformedJournal,PP.16-19,seeP.l6.
72.Wimber,PowerEvangelism,P.27.
73.参E.BammelandC.F.D.Moule,eds.,JesusandthePoliticsofHisDays,Cambridge,1984;J.W.Bowker,JesusandthePharisees,Cambridge,1973;G.B.Caird,JesusandtheJewishNation,London,1965;E.P.Sanders,JesusandJudaism,London.1985.
74.H.Ridderbos.WhentheTimeHadFullyCome,Michigan,1955,PP.48-49.
75.SeeG.R.Beasley—Murray.JesusandtheKingdomofGod,Exeter,1986.
76.Wimber,PowerEvangelisim,P.21.
77.Consistenteschatology,是J.Weiss及A.Schweitzer等人的天国观。
78.SeeF.F.Bruce.“C.H.Dodd”,inP.E.Hughes,ed.CreativeMindsinContemporanyTheology.Michigan,1966,PP.239-269;F.W.Di1istone,C.H.Dodd,InterpreteroftheNT,Michigan,1977.
79.WimberPowerEvangelism,p.25.PowerHealing,p.49-52.K.Springer,ed.,WhatComesAfterRenewal?,op.cit.,IntroductionbyWimber,pp.22f.
80.SeeC.Brown,MiraclesandtheCriticalMind,Exeter,1984;H.C.Kee,MiracleintheEarlyChristiainWorld,London,1983;C.F.D.Moule,ed.,Miracles:CambridgeStudiesintheirPhilosophyandHistory,London,1965;B.B.Warfield,CounterfeitMiracles,Edinburgh,1918,rep.1972.此类作品极多,上面是各派举一例。
81.旧约时代的神迹主要分布三时代,全与以色列民族的生死存亡有关,除了上述出埃及外,其余两个时代是以利亚,以利沙时代,是与众巴力宗教的搏斗;另一个是被掳后的但以理时代,是以色列民族与异邦异教的挣扎。参H.Knight,“TheOldTestementConceptofMiracle”ScottishJournalofTheology(SJT),5,1952,pp.355-36l;J.F.Miller,“Is‘Miracle’anIntelligibleNation?”SJT20,l967,pp.25-36;F.S.Parham,“TheMiracleatCana”,EvangelicalQuarterly,62,1970,pp.107-109
82.SeeT.R.Edgar,MiraculousGift,AreTheyforToday?NJ,1983;pp.266-278;ZaneC.Hodges,“ThePurposeofTongues”,BibliothecaSacrel20(July-Sept.,1963;p.227;M.F.Unger,TheBaptismandGiftsoftheHolyspirit,Chicago,1974,PP.138-140.
83.B.B.Warfield,CounterfeitMiracles,op.cit.,cf.J.Calvin,InstitutesofChristianReligion,Philadelphia,1960,1:14-18.
84.Unger,TheBaptismandGiftsoftheHolySpirit,op.cit.,PP.l38——139;quotedbySarles,op.cit.,p.75.
85.Edger,MiraculousGifts,op.cit.,p.268;quotedbySarles.Ibid.
86.Smedes,ed.,MinistryandtheMiraculous,op.cit.,PP.28-29.
87.SeeMartinRist.“IsMarkaCompleteGospel?”AnglicanTheologicalReview,XIV,1932,PP.l43-151;J.M.Creed,“TheConclusionoftheGospelAccordingtOSt.Mark.”JournalofTheologicalStudies,XXXI,1930,PP.175-180;R.H.Lightfoot,LocalityandDoctrineintheGospel,NY.1938:W.L.Knox,“TheEndingofSt.Mark’sGospel”,HarvardTheologicalReview,XXXV,1942,PP.13-23;HughAnderson,TheGospelofMark,GrandRapids,1981;WilliamL.Lane,TheGospelAccordingtoMark,London,1974.
88.像梵帝冈抄本;西乃抄本,被称作S,存于梵帝冈图书馆(编号354)的抄本,此为四福音最早的抄本;以及叙利亚抄本(sys)等等。
89.ErichKlostermann,DasMarkus-Evangelium,Tǖbingen,1936;P.192.
90.Sades,“AnAppraisaloftheSignsandWondersMovement”.BibicothecaSacra,op.cit.,p.74.
91.Smedes,MinistryandtheMiraculous,op.cit.,pp.29-—30.
92.Smedes,ibid,p,31.
93.JohnADowie,LeavesofHealing,p.cit.,l900,p.760.
94.尽管第三波对圣灵的关注是局限某几方面,比起传统更正教会,我们仍得承认他们对圣灵的看重超越后者的。对圣灵应有的态度问题,会在本书最后一章讨论。
95.Wimber,PowerEvangelism,P.14.
96.Wimber,PowerEvangelism.PP.28-33.
97.JohnSchmidt,“NewWinefromtheVineyard”.InJ.R.CogginsandP.G.Hiebert,eds.,WondersandtheWord,Winnipeg,1989,PP.69-84,seep.69
98.如前述韦约翰报告的,仙蒂听到圣灵透过立体声唱机对她说话,JohnWhite,WhentheSpiritComesWithPower,op,cit.,PP.191-200;或一个名叫江纳的男子把毒瘾归究魔鬼的作为,White,ibid.,PP201-215,这些见证既是见证,自然是无从复核的。意思是,它可以是真的,也可以是当事人以为是真的,第三者(作见证的对象)就是不知道;正因如此,读韦约翰的书的人难免埋怨作者(与读者同属第三者,分别是他与当事人有亲身接触),在没有显出起码该有的谨慎的查证及复核下,便以完全接纳的态度来报告此事,并引圣经给予证明,并指出其教训,抱着健康的怀疑态度来读此书的人,难免会感到一种无助的不满。就如问:假如我向韦约翰说,有一天使用无线电话的时候,突然对话中断,然后出现一把低沉的男声对我说话,叫我这样那样,他是否也在下一本书转述出来?他怎样分辨我的报告是真的,或我以为是真的?
对于江纳称染上毒瘾是鬼魔的作为,那不是很方便又体面的藉口吗?把吸毒换上任何犯罪的题目,如勒索、械劫、迫良为娼,甚至是国际恐怖主义,一句“是鬼魔的作为”可以解释了什么?又解脱了什么?
99.如韦约翰称有些学者认为耶稣平静风浪是一种“权能接触”。因为突起之风暴“是由鬼魔力量引起,非属自然界”的现象(White,When(thespiritComesWithPower,P.219)对巴勒斯坦地势略有认识的人都会惊异作者会作出这样的解释,我们在“评估”的时候再解释。
100.White,WhentheSpiritComesWithPower,PP.231-235.
101.White,ibid.,PP.237ff.
102.C.Peterwagner,HowtoHaveaHealingMinistryWithoutmarkingYourChurchSick,op.cit.,p.98
103.Wagner,ibid.,p.101.
104.Wagner,ibid.,p.l06.
105.笔者在神学院任教期间,常听到教会及毕业的神学生埋怨学校应教导他们怎样处理实际的问题,如丧事、婚礼时候说什么话,该站在哪里等等。此等近乎庙祝式的要求而发诸现代教会及神学生,确是有点不可思议。
106.See.C.PeterWagner,ed.,SignsandWondersToday,op.cit.,pp.79-106;JamesR.CogginsandPaulG.Hiebert,WondersandtheWord,op.cit.,PP.23-34;JohnWhite,WhenthespiritComesWithPower,Op.cit.,PP.201-215;C.PeterWagner,HowtohaveaHealingMinistry,op.cit.,PP.179-206.
107.BenPatterson,“CauseforConcerns”,ChristianityToday,op.cit.,p.20.
108.C.PeterWagner,ed.SignsandWondersTodayop.cit.,pp.125-136.
109.C.PeterWagner,ed.,SignsandWondersToday.PP.l28f.
110.SeeJohnSchmidt,“NewWinefromVineyard”,inWordssndWonders,p.cit.,p.71.
111.Wimber,“PuttingTheoryintoPractice,”inC.PeterWagner.Ed.,SignsandWondersToday,op.cit.,PP.l37-139.
112.Wimber,PowerEvangelism,op.cit.,pp.140f.
113.White,WhentheSpiritComeswithPower,pp.218-222.
114.White,ibid.,p.219.
115.都是在他阐释世界观转移的地方,例:Wimber.PowerEvangelism,PP.77-79.Cf.Wimber’sIntroductiontoK.Springer,ed.,WhatComesAfterRenewal?op.cit.,PP.17-34.
116.单是看他对赎罪券的攻击,和《九十五条》的文献便可知晓。大多数教会历史书都有述及。路德作品除了英译的标准版,J.PelikanandH.T.Lehmann,Luther-sWork,55vols.,St.Louis,1955ff.中文辅侨出版的《历史基督教名着》亦有《路德选集》二卷,香港,1957,1958。参卷一,一至三篇,1-156页;第九篇,436-480页;券二,第十七篇,291-331页。
117.Wimber,PowerEvangelism,PP.17f.
118.Wimber,ibid.,pp.22-27.
119.White,WhentheSpiritComeswithPower,PP.122f..
120.White,ibid.,p.121.
121.J.B.Toews,“TheHolySpiritintheBeliever’sChurch,inJamesR.CogginsandPaulG.Hiebert,eds.,WondersandtheWord,op.cit.,p.92.
122.J.B.Toews.Ibid.,p.93.
123.1982年在福乐神学院召开的“五旬宗研究协会”(SocietyforPentecostalStudies,此为国际性跨宗派的学术团体,专门研究灵恩运动的种种问题,年来发表的专文,屡有佳作)年会,一天主教学者即称“灵洗”为“气洗!”SeeDonaldL.Gelpi,S.J.,”Breath-BaptismintheSynotics,”inCecilM.Robert,Jr.ed.,ChrismaticExperiencesinHistory,op.cit.,pp.15-43.