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11.参考书籍

清教徒的默想操练 by 以西结·克沃维尔

1Introductionto.DivineMeditationsandHolyContemplations,.inTheWorksofRichardSibbes(Edinburgh:BannerofTruthTrust,2001),184.

2《海德堡要理问答》，第32,45,49,64问。

3RichardJ.Foster,CelebrationofDiscipline(SanFrancisco:Harper&Row,1978),14-15.

4Seebibliographyattached.

5对清**默想的研究很少。LouisMartz研究默想和诗词之间的密切关系，就巴斯特的默想观写过一篇批判性的章节(ThePoetryofMeditation[NewHaven:Yale,1954]).卡夫曼（U.MiloKaufmann）说明了清**默想对约翰本仁的《天路历程》的重要影响(ThePilgrim’sProgressandTraditionsinPuritanMeditation[NewHaven:Yale,1966]).BarbaraLewalski让人更关注抗独具罗宗特色的默想所带来的贡献(Donne’s“Anniversaries”andthePoetryofPraise,theCreationofaSymbolicMode[Princeton:UniversityPress,1973]andProtestantPoeticsandtheSeventeenth-CenturyReligiousLyric[Princeton:UniversityPress,1979]).NormanGrabo有力地对Martz关于在十七世纪中叶之前加尔文主义思想拦阻默想艺术的发展的观点进行了反击(TheArtofPuritanDevotion,.Seventeenth-CenturyNews26,1[1968]:8).FrankLivingstoneHuntley也细致地把抗罗宗默想归类为哲学上是伯拉图式的，心理学上是奥古斯丁式的，神学上是保罗和加尔文式的，与之相对的是，罗马天主教的默想在亚里斯多德和托马斯主义的(BishopJosephHallandProtestantMeditationinSeventeenth-CenturyEngland:AStudyWiththetextsofTheArtofDivineMeditations[1606]andOccasionalMeditations[1633][Binghamton,N.Y.:CenterforMedieval&EarlyRenaissanceStudies,1981]).SimonChan对清**默想提出了让人耳目一新的历史评价，比以前审视的涵括了更大范围的文字内容，超越了文学观点之外(ThePuritanMeditativeTradition,1599-1691:AStudyofAsceticalPiety.[Ph.D.dissertation,CambridgeUniversity,1986]).他论证说，在十七世纪后半段，清**默想沿着一个更讲方**的方向不断发展。尚无一本审视清**默想神学性和实际性评介的书。

6WilliamWilson,OTWordStudies(McLean,Va.:MacDonaldPublishingCo.,n.d.),271.

7参诗Psalm4:4;77:10-12;104:34;119:16,48,59,78,97-99.

8HeavenTakenbyStorm(Morgan,Penn.:SoliDeoGloria,2000),23.其他清**所作的类似定义，可见RichardGreenham,.GraveCovnselsandGodlyObservations,.inTheWorksoftheReverendandFaithfvllServantofIesvsChristM.RichardGreenham,ed.H.H.(London:FelixKingstonforRobertDexter,1599),37;ThomasHooker,TheApplicationofRedemption:TheNinthandTenthBooks(LondoneterCole,1657),210;ThomasWhite,AMethodandInstructionsfortheArtofDivineMeditationwithInstancesoftheseveralKindesofSolemnMeditation(London:forTho.Parkhurst,1672),13.

9TheArtofDivineMeditation(London:forTho.Parkhurst,1634),26-28.

10参见威斯敏斯德大要理问答，第154问.

11Calamy,TheArtofDivineMeditation,6-10.

12TheWorksofThomasManton(London:JamesNisbet&Co.,1874),17:267-68.

13Huntley,HallandProtestantMeditation,73.

14TheArtofDivineMeditation,14-15.

15TheWorksofThomasManton,17:267.Cf.,.Agraciousheart,likefire,turnsallobjectsintofuelformeditation.(TheSermonsofThomasWatson[Ligonier,Penn.:SoliDeoGloria,1990],247).

16WilliamSpurstowe,TheSpiritualChymistr,SixDecadsOfDivineMeditations(London:n.p.,1666);ThomasTaylor,MeditationsfromtheCreatures(London,1629);EdwardBury,TheHusbandmansCompanion:ContainingOneHundredOccasionalMeditations,Reflections,andEjaculations,EspeciallySuitedtoMenofthat

Employment.DirectingthemhowtheymaybeHeavenly-mindedwhileabouttheirOrdinaryCalling(London:forTho.Parkhurst,1677);HenryLukin,AnIntroductiontotheHolyures(London,1669).

17Huntley,HallandProtestantMeditation,74.

18(NewHaven:Yale,1966),126.卡夫曼引用强烈反对想像的胡克的话，“要保守我们的思想免于随风飘动和虚妄的想像，就是要我们的理解力完全专注于神佩得颂赞的真理，以此作为我们每日所定的食物。”(TheApplicationofRedemption:TheNinthandTenthBooks,232).

19CitedinKaufmann,144-45.

20Ibid.,150-251.

21PeterToon,MeditatingasaChristian(London:Collins,1991),175-78;TheSpiritualExercisesofSt.Ignatius,trans.AnthonyMottola(NewYorkoubleday&Co.,1964).

22Huntley,HallandProtestantMeditation,44-54.

23Cf.PeterToon,FromMindtoHeart:ChristianMeditationToday(GrandRapids:Baker,1987),99-100.

24TheArtofDivineMeditation,22-23;WorksofGreenham,38.

25White,AMethodandInstructionsfortheArtofDivineMeditationwithInstancesoftheseveralKindesofSolemnMeditation(London:forTho.Parkhurst,1672),17-20.

26TheWorksofThomasManton,17:268.

27ChristianDirections,shewingHowtowalkwithGodAlltheDaylong(London:R.IbbitsonandM.Wright,1661),65.

28TheSaints’EverlastingRest(Ross-shire,Scotland:ChristianFocus,1998),553.Cf.White,AMethodandInstructionsfortheArtofDivineMeditation,14.

29HenryScudder,TheChristianMan’sCalling(PhiladelphiaresbyterianBoardofPublication,n.d.),103-104.Cf.TheWorksofWilliamBates(Harrisonburg,Va.:Sprinkle,1990),3:113-65.

30GleaningsfromThomasWatson(Morgan,Penn.:SoliDeoGloria,1995),106.

31SermonsofThomasWatson,238.

32TheWorksofThomasManton,17:270.

33SermonsofThomasWatson,238.

34TheChristian’sDailyWalk,108.

35TheSaints‘EverlastingRest,549.

36SermonsofThomasWatson,239.

37TheWorksofThomasManton,17:272.

38Ibid.,271.

39SermonsofThomasWatson,240.

40AMethodforMeditationr,AManuallofDivineDuties,fitforeveryChristiansPractice(London:forJoseph

Nevill,1656),21.

41TheArtofDivineMeditation,96-101.

42TheWorksofWilliamBates(Harrisonburg,Va.:Sprinkle,1990),3:124-25.

43TheSaints’EverlastingRest,555.

44TheWorksofWilliamBates,126-27.ThomasWatsonmakesthestrongestcaseformorningmeditations(Sermonsof

ThomasWatson,250-54).

45See.OftheSanctificationoftheLord.sDay,.DirectoryforthePubliqueWorshipofGod.

46ChristianDirections,shewingHowtowalkwithGodAlltheDaylong(London:R.IbbitsonandM.Wright,1661),66-67.

47TheSaints’EverlastingRest,560.

48Ibid.,561-63.

49WilliamFenner,TheUseandBenefitofDivineMeditation(London:forJohnStafford,1657),10.

50TheWorksofThomasManton,17:298.

51TheWorksofWilliamBates,3:125.

52TheWorksofThomasManton,17:299.

53Ussher,AMethodforMeditationr,AManuallofDivineDuties,fitforeveryChristiansPractice(London:forJosephNevill,1656),30-31;White,AMethodandInstructionsfortheArtofDivineMeditation,29.

54Calamy,TheArtofDivineMeditation,173.

55《海德堡要理问答》第58问／

56AMethodforMeditation,32-33.

57BishopJosephHallandProtestantMeditation,80-81.

58TheWorksofWilliamBates,136-39;Baxter,TheSaints’EverlastingRest,567-70.

59Calamy,TheArtofDivineMeditation,172.

60Ibid.,164-68.

61TheWorksofGeorgeSwinnock(Edinburgh:BannerofTruthTrust,1998),2:417.

62Calamy,TheArtofDivineMeditation,178-84.Cf.Gouge,ChristianDirections,shewingHowtowalkwithGodAlltheDaylong,70-73.

63TheWorksofThomasManton,17:281.

64Baxter,TheSaints’EverlastingRest,579-90.

65JonathanEdwards,ReligiousAffections(London:BannerofTruthTrust,1959),24.

66AHelptoTrueHappinesse(London,1635).

67TheWorksofWilliamBates,3:145.

68TheUseandBenefitofDivineMeditation,16-23.

69Ussher,AMethodforMeditation,39.

70TheWorksofWilliamBridge(BeaverFalls,Penn.:SoliDeoGloria,1989),3:153.

71Calamy,TheArtofDivineMeditation,108.

72TheSermonsofThomasWatson,269,271.

73AMethodandInstructionsfortheArtofDivineMeditation,53.

74Ibid,269.

75TheWorksoftheReverendandFaithfvllServantofIesvsChristM.RichardGreenham,41.

76TheArtofMeditation(Jenkintown,Penn.:SovereignGracePublishers,1972),26-27.

77ChristianDirections,shewingHowtowalkwithGodAlltheDaylong,70.

78AMethodforMeditation,43.

79TheArtofMeditation,37-60.因着它的详细，我没有在以上的列表中列举豪尔的列表。

80TheSaints’EverlastingRest,702.

81Toon,FromMindtoHeart,95-96.Forhowtomeditateonheaven,seeWhite,AMethodandInstructionsfortheArtofDivineMeditation,281-94;Baxter,TheSaints’EverlastingRest,620-52;TheSelectWorksofThomasCase,1-232(secondbook).

82TheArtofDivineMeditation,4.

83AMethodforMeditation,49.

84TheSaints’EverlastingRest,549-50.

85AMethodandInstructionsfortheArtofDivineMeditation,88.

86TheArtofDivineMeditation,88-96.Cf.TheWorksofThomasManton,17:288-97.

87.MeditationontheHolySacramentoftheLord.sLastSupper,.inTheWholeWorksoftheRightRev.EdwardReynolds(Morgan,Penn.:SoliDeoGloria,1999),3:1-172.

88TheWorksofJohnOwen,9:558-63.

89参威斯敏斯德大要理问答，第171,174,175问。

90SolitudeImprovedbyDivineMeditation(Morgan,Penn.:SoliDeoGloria,1995),280-321.

91Calamy,TheArtofDivineMeditation,40-42.

92TheSermonsofThomasWatson,256.

93TheWholeWorksoftheRev.W.Bates,3:131.

94TheUseandBenefitofDivineMeditation,3.

95TheApplicationofRedemption,217.

96TheWholeWorksoftheRev.W.Bates,3:135.

97TheWorksoftheRev.WilliamBridge,3:133.

98Cf.TheWholeWorksoftheRev.OliverHeywood,2:276-81.

99TheWorksoftheRev.ThomasBrooks,1:8,291.

100TheWorksofThomasManton,6:145.

101Ibid.,17:283.

102TheWholeWorksoftheRev.W.Bates,3:122-23.

103TheWorksofThomasManton,17:285.Cf.Hooker,TheApplicationofRedemption,230-40.

104Calamy,TheArtofDivineMeditation,28-40.

105TheSaints’EverlastingRest,549.

106TheWorksofWilliamBridge,3:125

107ACollectionofSermonsandTreatises(London,1636),69-70.

108TheWorksofThomasManton,7:480.

109Ibid.,6:145.

110Calamy,TheArtofDivineMeditation,58-75.

111EdmondSmith,ATreebyaStream:UnlocktheSecretsofActiveMeditation(Ross-shire,Scotland:ChristianFocus,1995),36.

112SolitudeImprovedbyDivineMeditation,33.

113TheSermonsofThomasWatson,241-43.

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1Introductionto.DivineMeditationsandHolyContemplations,.inTheWorksofRichardSibbes(Edinburgh:BannerofTruthTrust,2001),184. 2《海德堡要理问答》，第32,45,49,64问。 3RichardJ.Foster,CelebrationofDiscipline(SanFrancisco:Harper&Row,1978),14-15. 4Seebibliographyattached. 5对清**默想的研究很少。LouisMartz研究默想和诗词之间的密切关系，就巴斯特的默想观写过一篇批判性的章节(ThePoetryofMeditation[NewHaven:Yale,1954]).卡夫曼（U.MiloKaufmann）说明了清**默想对约翰本仁的《天路历程》的重要影响(ThePilgrim’sProgressandTraditionsinPuritanMeditation[NewHaven:Yale,1966]).BarbaraLewals
ki让人更关注抗独具罗宗特色的默想所带来的贡献(Donne’s“Anniversaries”andthePoetryofPraise,theCreationofaSymbolicMode[Princeton:UniversityPress,1973]andProtestantPoeticsandtheSeventeenth-CenturyReligiousLyric[Princeton:UniversityPress,1979]).NormanGrabo有力地对Martz关于在十七世纪中叶之前加尔文主义思想拦阻默想艺术的发展的观点进行了反击(TheArtofPuritanDevotion,.Seventeenth-CenturyNews26,1[1968]:8).FrankLivingstoneHuntley也细致地把抗罗宗默想归类为哲学上是伯拉图式的，心理学上是奥古斯丁式的，神学上是保罗和加尔文式的，与之相对的是，罗马天主教的默想在亚里斯多德和托马斯主义的(BishopJosephHallandProtestantMeditationinSeventeenth-CenturyEngl
and:AStudyWiththetextsofTheArtofDivineMeditations[1606]andOccasionalMeditations[1633][Binghamton,N.Y.:CenterforMedieval&EarlyRenaissanceStudies,1981]).SimonChan对清**默想提出了让人耳目一新的历史评价，比以前审视的涵括了更大范围的文字内容，超越了文学观点之外(ThePuritanMeditativeTradition,1599-1691:AStudyofAsceticalPiety.[Ph.D.dissertation,CambridgeUniversity,1986]).他论证说，在十七世纪后半段，清**默想沿着一个更讲方**的方向不断发展。尚无一本审视清**默想神学性和实际性评介的书。 6WilliamWilson,OTWordStudies(McLean,Va.:MacDonaldPublishingCo.,n.d.),271. 7参诗Psalm4:4;77:10-12;104:34;119:16,48
,59,78,97-99. 8HeavenTakenbyStorm(Morgan,Penn.:SoliDeoGloria,2000),23.其他清**所作的类似定义，可见RichardGreenham,.GraveCovnselsandGodlyObservations,.inTheWorksoftheReverendandFaithfvllServantofIesvsChristM.RichardGreenham,ed.H.H.(London:FelixKingstonforRobertDexter,1599),37;ThomasHooker,TheApplicationofRedemption:TheNinthandTenthBooks(LondoneterCole,1657),210;ThomasWhite,AMethodandInstructionsfortheArtofDivineMeditationwithInstancesoftheseveralKindesofSolemnMeditation(London:forTho.Parkhurst,1672),13.
9TheArtofDivineMeditation(London:forTho.Parkhurst,1634),26-28. 10参见威斯敏斯德大要理问答，第154问. 11Calamy,TheArtofDivineMeditation,6-10. 12TheWorksofThomasManton(London:JamesNisbet&Co.,1874),17:267-68. 13Huntley,HallandProtestantMeditation,73. 14TheArtofDivineMeditation,14-15. 15TheWorksofThomasManton,17:267.Cf.,.Agraciousheart,likefire,turnsallobjectsintofuelformeditation.(TheSermonsofThomasWatson[Ligonier,Penn.:SoliDeoGloria,1990],247). 16WilliamSpurstowe,TheSpiritualChymistr,Six
DecadsOfDivineMeditations(London:n.p.,1666);ThomasTaylor,MeditationsfromtheCreatures(London,1629);EdwardBury,TheHusbandmansCompanion:ContainingOneHundredOccasionalMeditations,Reflections,andEjaculations,EspeciallySuitedtoMenofthat Employment.DirectingthemhowtheymaybeHeavenly-mindedwhileabouttheirOrdinaryCalling(London:forTho.Parkhurst,1677);HenryLukin,AnIntroductiontotheHolyures(London,1669). 17Huntley,HallandProtestantMeditation,74. 18(NewHaven:Yale,1966),126.卡夫曼引用强烈反对想像的胡克的话，“要保守我们的思想
免于随风飘动和虚妄的想像，就是要我们的理解力完全专注于神佩得颂赞的真理，以此作为我们每日所定的食物。”(TheApplicationofRedemption:TheNinthandTenthBooks,232). 19CitedinKaufmann,144-45. 20Ibid.,150-251. 21PeterToon,MeditatingasaChristian(London:Collins,1991),175-78;TheSpiritualExercisesofSt.Ignatius,trans.AnthonyMottola(NewYorkoubleday&Co.,1964). 22Huntley,HallandProtestantMeditation,44-54. 23Cf.PeterToon,FromMindtoHeart:ChristianMeditationToday(GrandRapids:Baker,1987),99-100. 24TheArtofDivineMeditation,22-23;WorksofGreenham,
38. 25White,AMethodandInstructionsfortheArtofDivineMeditationwithInstancesoftheseveralKindesofSolemnMeditation(London:forTho.Parkhurst,1672),17-20. 26TheWorksofThomasManton,17:268. 27ChristianDirections,shewingHowtowalkwithGodAlltheDaylong(London:R.IbbitsonandM.Wright,1661),65. 28TheSaints’EverlastingRest(Ross-shire,Scotland:ChristianFocus,1998),553.Cf.White,AMethodandInstructionsfortheArtofDivineMeditation,14. 29HenryScudder,TheChristianMan’sCalling(PhiladelphiaresbyterianBoardof
Publication,n.d.),103-104.Cf.TheWorksofWilliamBates(Harrisonburg,Va.:Sprinkle,1990),3:113-65. 30GleaningsfromThomasWatson(Morgan,Penn.:SoliDeoGloria,1995),106. 31SermonsofThomasWatson,238. 32TheWorksofThomasManton,17:270. 33SermonsofThomasWatson,238. 34TheChristian’sDailyWalk,108. 35TheSaints‘EverlastingRest,549. 36SermonsofThomasWatson,239. 37TheWorksofThomasManton,17:272. 38Ibid.,271. 39SermonsofThomasWatson,240. 40AMethodforMeditationr,AManuallofDivineDuties,f
itforeveryChristiansPractice(London:forJoseph Nevill,1656),21. 41TheArtofDivineMeditation,96-101. 42TheWorksofWilliamBates(Harrisonburg,Va.:Sprinkle,1990),3:124-25. 43TheSaints’EverlastingRest,555. 44TheWorksofWilliamBates,126-27.ThomasWatsonmakesthestrongestcaseformorningmeditations(Sermonsof ThomasWatson,250-54). 45See.OftheSanctificationoftheLord.sDay,.DirectoryforthePubliqueWorshipofGod. 46ChristianDirections,shewingHowtowalkwithGodAlltheDaylong(London:R.IbbitsonandM.
Wright,1661),66-67. 47TheSaints’EverlastingRest,560. 48Ibid.,561-63. 49WilliamFenner,TheUseandBenefitofDivineMeditation(London:forJohnStafford,1657),10. 50TheWorksofThomasManton,17:298. 51TheWorksofWilliamBates,3:125. 52TheWorksofThomasManton,17:299. 53Ussher,AMethodforMeditationr,AManuallofDivineDuties,fitforeveryChristiansPractice(London:forJosephNevill,1656),30-31;White,AMethodandInstructionsfortheArtofDivineMeditation,29. 54Calamy,TheArtofDivineMeditation,173. 55《海
德堡要理问答》第58问／ 56AMethodforMeditation,32-33. 57BishopJosephHallandProtestantMeditation,80-81. 58TheWorksofWilliamBates,136-39;Baxter,TheSaints’EverlastingRest,567-70. 59Calamy,TheArtofDivineMeditation,172. 60Ibid.,164-68. 61TheWorksofGeorgeSwinnock(Edinburgh:BannerofTruthTrust,1998),2:417. 62Calamy,TheArtofDivineMeditation,178-84.Cf.Gouge,ChristianDirections,shewingHowtowalkwithGodAlltheDaylong,70-73. 63TheWorksofThomasManton,17:281. 64Baxter,TheSaints’EverlastingRest,57
9-90. 65JonathanEdwards,ReligiousAffections(London:BannerofTruthTrust,1959),24. 66AHelptoTrueHappinesse(London,1635). 67TheWorksofWilliamBates,3:145. 68TheUseandBenefitofDivineMeditation,16-23. 69Ussher,AMethodforMeditation,39. 70TheWorksofWilliamBridge(BeaverFalls,Penn.:SoliDeoGloria,1989),3:153. 71Calamy,TheArtofDivineMeditation,108. 72TheSermonsofThomasWatson,269,271. 73AMethodandInstructionsfortheArtofDivineMeditation,53. 74Ibid,269. 75TheWorksoftheReverendan
dFaithfvllServantofIesvsChristM.RichardGreenham,41. 76TheArtofMeditation(Jenkintown,Penn.:SovereignGracePublishers,1972),26-27. 77ChristianDirections,shewingHowtowalkwithGodAlltheDaylong,70. 78AMethodforMeditation,43. 79TheArtofMeditation,37-60.因着它的详细，我没有在以上的列表中列举豪尔的列表。 80TheSaints’EverlastingRest,702. 81Toon,FromMindtoHeart,95-96.Forhowtomeditateonheaven,seeWhite,AMethodandInstructionsfortheArtofDivineMeditation,281-94;Baxter,TheSaints’EverlastingRest,620-52;TheSelectWorksofTh
omasCase,1-232(secondbook). 82TheArtofDivineMeditation,4. 83AMethodforMeditation,49. 84TheSaints’EverlastingRest,549-50. 85AMethodandInstructionsfortheArtofDivineMeditation,88. 86TheArtofDivineMeditation,88-96.Cf.TheWorksofThomasManton,17:288-97. 87.MeditationontheHolySacramentoftheLord.sLastSupper,.inTheWholeWorksoftheRightRev.EdwardReynolds(Morgan,Penn.:SoliDeoGloria,1999),3:1-172. 88TheWorksofJohnOwen,9:558-63. 89参威斯敏斯德大要理问答，第171,174,175问。 90SolitudeImprovedbyDivine
Meditation(Morgan,Penn.:SoliDeoGloria,1995),280-321. 91Calamy,TheArtofDivineMeditation,40-42. 92TheSermonsofThomasWatson,256. 93TheWholeWorksoftheRev.W.Bates,3:131. 94TheUseandBenefitofDivineMeditation,3. 95TheApplicationofRedemption,217. 96TheWholeWorksoftheRev.W.Bates,3:135. 97TheWorksoftheRev.WilliamBridge,3:133. 98Cf.TheWholeWorksoftheRev.OliverHeywood,2:276-81. 99TheWorksoftheRev.ThomasBrooks,1:8,291. 100TheWorksofThomasManton,6:145. 101Ibid.,17:283. 102T
heWholeWorksoftheRev.W.Bates,3:122-23. 103TheWorksofThomasManton,17:285.Cf.Hooker,TheApplicationofRedemption,230-40. 104Calamy,TheArtofDivineMeditation,28-40. 105TheSaints’EverlastingRest,549. 106TheWorksofWilliamBridge,3:125 107ACollectionofSermonsandTreatises(London,1636),69-70. 108TheWorksofThomasManton,7:480. 109Ibid.,6:145. 110Calamy,TheArtofDivineMeditation,58-75. 111EdmondSmith,ATreebyaStream:UnlocktheSecretsofActiveMeditation(Ross-shire,Scotland:ChristianFocus,
1995),36. 112SolitudeImprovedbyDivineMeditation,33. 113TheSermonsofThomasWatson,241-43.